Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Example Answers to Exam on Organization and Leadership - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3516 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Essay any type Did you like this example? In what way have Rossi and Matheson shown an ability to identify an opportunity? A creative characteristic is that someone can spot opportunities that other people overlook. Opportunity seeking is associated with entrepreneurial leadership because the entrepreneur might build an organization around an unmet consumers need (DuBrin, 2010, pp.363). The idea behind the DirtMarket arose when Rossi in 1999 as a manager for a commercial construction company realized how much time and effort went into handling dirt and contractors had to spend a lot of their precious time and money in searching and contacting brokers to find dirt or a place to dump it. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Example Answers to Exam on Organization and Leadership" essay for you Create order Getting rid of dirt was a difficult task that required calling a lot of different people, many of whom werent the most scrupulous, (DuBrin, 2010, pp.376). Rossi Matheson by using the intrinsic motivation principle of creativity: people will be at their creative best when they feel motivated primarily by the interest, satisfaction and challenge of the work itself and not by external pressures. It was so engrossing and enjoyable experience that the task becomes worth doing for its own sake regardless of the external consequences (DuBrin, 2010, pp.355). The componential theory of individual creativity developed by Amabile can be used to analyse Rossi Matheson ability to identify an opportunity in dirt Market. According to this theory, creativity takes place when three components join together: expertise, creative-thinking skill, and task motivation (DuBrin, 2010, pp.355). Expertise refers to the necessary knowledge which Rossi and Matheson have to put facts together. Creative-thin king skill refers to the ability to imaginatively approach problems. By creative thinking both Rossi and Matheson use their ability to solve the problems faced by the contractors they have connected those dirt buyers and sellers at one place. DirtMarket idea initially arose in Rossi mind and he motivated her wife Matheson to fulfill it. According to DuBrin, finally, task motivation refers to preserving, or sticking with problem to a conclusion, which is essential for finding creative solutions. A few rest breaks to gain a fresh perspective may be helpful, but the creative person keeps coming back until a solution emerges (DuBrin, 2010, pp.356). DirtMarkets opportunity has evolved into a small industry, serving the needs of millions of workers in the era of global business. The end product of DirtMarkets creative thinking was a business possibility rather than an invention (DuBrin, 2010, pp.351). Q.1.2 In what way have the operators of DirtMarket overcome traditional mental sets, or thought outside the box? The concept of traditional thinking is relative but it generally refers to a standard and frequent way of finding a solution to a problem. A traditional solution to a problem is thus a modal or most frequent solution. The creative person looks at problems in a new light and transcends conventional thinking about them. Rossi Matheson at Dirt Market business were known for their creative problem-solving ability. The central task in becoming creative is to break down rigid thinking that blocks new ideas (DuBrin, 2010, pp.356). Overcoming traditional thinking is so important to creative thinking that the process has been characterized in several different ways. The most familiar is that a creative person thinks outside the box. A box in this sense is a category that confines and restricts thinking. Because you are confined to a box, you do not see opportunities outside the box (DuBrin, 2010, pp.357). Talking to others is a good way to get ideas, yet at some point the creative problem solver has to work alone and concentrate (DuBrin, 2010, pp.354). A well-accepted model of creativity can be applied to organizations (DuBrin, 2010, pp.349). Creativity is often referred to as a numbers game, because the more ideas you try, the greater the probability of finding one that works (DuBrin, 2010, pp.358). For example Rossi as construction company manager Matheson who has Ph.D. in computer science and master in business administration, they pick the idea from the dirt handling problem faced by contractors traditionally they were used to make several of phone calls to find dirt or a place to dump it can instead make a single call to Dirt Marker. To handle conventional thinking they thought a website, building a local search engine would be a good way to link dirt buyers and sellers. In some respects they were ahead of their time. But unfortunately contractors did not embrace the site. Most did not even have email, says Rossi. As per DuBrin, 2010 many product innovations had their origins in flops and failures because somebody was perceptive enough to recognize the new possibilities that emerged from the setback. To overcome this traditional mental set they started directly matching contractors who pay them to remove the dirt with those who pay them to find it. Dirt Market takes a cut on both sides of the transaction, with good profit margins averaging around 25 percent. By thinking outside the box in 2004, the company spotted another niche. When a project involves a lot of excavation, a construction company typically hires an engineering firm to remove dirt from the site, which can account for as much as 75 percent of a projects cost. So DirtMarket started an engineering contracting division that oversees a project, including hiring an engineering firm, handling the digging and removing the dirt. About 80 percent of the company,s revenues now comes from this division, which it markets primarily by word of mouth. Says Rossi, We have a lot of rep eat customers. (DuBrin, 2010, pp.376 377). According to company website with the existence of Dirt Market usersÂÂ  save tons of time and moneyÂÂ  finding what they need -ÂÂ  where they need it, andÂÂ  when they need itÂÂ  with tens of thousands of construction resources nationwide, and the power to search for construction and excavation materials and resources soil, gravel, sand, construction equipment, services, and more by location and distance (dirtmarket.com,2011). Q.1.3 To what extent do you think that Mathesons having a Ph.D. in computer science and an M.B.A. helped her become a leader in the dirt business? Matheson degree in Ph.D. helped her in setting up their business on website to direct link buyers and sellers and her MBA degree help her to manage her business in an innovative way. By using E- leadership model they established their business. E- Leadership is a form of leadership practiced in a context where is mediated by information technology. The focus of leadership shifts from individuals to networks of relationships because the internet facilitates connecting so many people. E- Leadership could, therefore, encompass any activity undertaken by a leader when the internet connects people (DuBrin, 2010, pp.266). So Matheson by practically using her computer and management techniques established a modern business of her time. Her degree in computer science helps her to develop software to link the dirt sellers and buyers keeping in mind the DirtMarkets business aspects. MBA degree gives her expertise about the marketing, organization strategy and human resource management to run the DirtMarket. Due to these both degrees she becomes a leader in the dirt business. Q.1.4 What might be a possible threat from the external environment that could hurt the business model of DirtMarket? As DirtMarket is an innovative small business of his time. Due to their expertise they established their business through website they try to link their customer online, but unfortunately most the contractors and brokers dont have much computer know how. This may be threat to their business. There are a lot of big construction companies in the market they can set up their own network for dirt, they become competitors. Q.1.5 To try out your creative thinking today, make up a joke about Dirtmarket. (In this case, dirty jokes are welcome.) Joking and kidding might be interpreted either as dishonest or as extraordinarily tactful (DuBrin, 2010, pp.242). My Joke for the DirtMarket business is that Dave Rossi is very clever person and her wife Matheson was a modern and strange. She often had gone outside naked or with very short clothes in search of job/work. At evening when she comes back, Rossi in smiling face oh my sweet you have lot of dirt on your beautiful body what happen with you day after day but you look too beautiful and attractive Matheson told him you consider me a dirt factory. Rossi says to her no my darling dirt (wife) I love dirt, I want dirt, I eat dirt and dirt is my life as you my wife. Matheson to her husband oh! Dirty man thanks you understand me, I am your DirtMarket. Q. No.2 Discuss and describe in detail what leaders can do to foster an ethical and socially responsible organization. (If you want to relate to your own situation, or to a leader that you have read about or heard about, that is fine.) Use concepts from DuBrin, preferably also from other chapters than chapter 6. Ethics and values in todays turbulent world are present at a number of levels for leaders. This leading process of ethical value creation was due to their time and energy devotion. The following list provides a framework for developing ethical leadership (Freeman R. E. and Stewart L., 2006). It is based on readings concepts from DuBrin and popular business article literature. Written from the perspective of the leader, these facets of ethical leaders offer a way to understand ethical leadership. I shall try to focus here the initiatives that a leader can take to foster social responsibility, as well as create an organizational culture that encourage ethical behavior, discussed as under (DuBrin, 2010: pp.180): Social Awareness It is necessary for the social leader to care about emotions of others. As DuBrin, 2010 discussed that socially aware leaders go beyond sensing the emotions of others by showing they care (DuBrin, 2010: Ch.2, pp.45). Socialized Power Motive Socially responsible leaders use their powers to achieve company goals. DuBrin, 2010 attempted to describe here that leaders with a socialized power motive use power primarily to achieve organizational goals or a vision. Leaders with socialized power motives tend to be more emotionally mature than leaders with personalized power motives (DuBrin, 2010: Ch.2, pp.49). Socialized Charismatic These social leaders dont use their power for others benefits. DuBrin, discussed this as a socialized charismatic is a leader who restrains the use of power in order to benefit others. This type of leader attempts to bring group members values in lines with his or her values (DuBrin, 2010: Ch.3, pp.71). Adaptability to the situation A social leader under the situation and adapt himself ethically accordingly. DuBrin, explained this as effective leaders adapt to the situation. Adaptability reflects the contingency viewpoint; tactic is chosen based on the unique circumstances at hand. (DuBrin 2010, Ch.4 pp. 101). Creating a Pleasant Workplace A successful leader in an organization is capable of being develop pleasant working environment for employees. According to DuBrin a social responsibility initiative that directly affects employees well-being is create a comfortable, pleasant, and intellectually stimulating work environment. Because many people invest about one-third of their time at work, a pleasant work environment increases the chances that their life will be enriched (DuBrin, 2010: pp.181). Articulate and embody the purpose and values of the organization. It is good way adopted by leaders to tell ethical values in morally true stories. Freeman R. E. and Stewart L., 2006 had discussed that ethical leaders must also embody and live the story and it is important for leaders to tell a compelling and morally rich story. This is a difficult task in todays business environment where everyone lives in a fishbowl-on public display. Helping Build a Sustainable Environment To preserve sustainable external environment by leaders is compulsory for sustainable organization. As DuBrin, 2010 attempts that socially responsible leaders influence others to sustain and preserve the external environment through a variety of actions that go beyond mandatory environmental controls such as managing toxic waste. Engaging in Philanthropy To donate money to various charities and welfare organization is an important component of socially responsible organization. DuBrin, 2010 discussed that a standard organizational leadership approach to social responsibility is to donate money to charity and various other causes. Most charities are heavily dependent on corporate support, Colleges, universities, and career schools also benefit from corporate donations. Many of the leading philanthropists donate money during their lifetime rather than giving through their estates. The most striking example is Bill and Melinda Gates of Microsoft, who formed their own foundation whose primary aims globally are to reduce extreme poverty, combat AIDS, and vaccinate children against illnesses(DuBrin, 2010: pp.183). Find the best people and develop them. Ethically responsible leader prefer integrity than experience and skills of hiring people for organization leadership. This was explained by Freeman R. E. and Stewart L., 2006 that ethical leaders pay special attention to finding and developing the best people precisely because they see it as a moral imperative-helping them to lead better lives that create more value for themselves and for others. Finding the best people involves taking ethics and character into account in the selection process. Working with Suppliers to improve Working Conditions To develop good working environment for suppliers in an organization is an important characteristics of socially responsible leader. DuBrin, 2010 attempted to discuss that an opportunity for practicing social responsibility is for company leaders to work with suppliers to improve physical and mental working conditions. Helping suppliers to improve working conditions has been conceptualized as corporations being vehicles for positive social change-yet another way of demonstrating corporate social responsibility. Gap Inc, took a major initiative to begin improving working conditions at suppliers (DuBrin, 2010: pp.184). Establishing Written Codes of Ethical Conduct Ethically responsible leader maintains written codes of conducts and assures that everyone in the organization is well aware of these. According to DuBrin, 2010 that many organizations use written codes of conduct as guidelines for ethical and socially responsible behavior. Such guidelines continue to grow in importance because workers in self-managing teams have less leadership than previously. A written code of conduct is more likely to influence behavior when both formal and informal leaders throughout the firm refer to it frequently. Furthermore, adherence to the code must be rewarded, and violation of the code should be punished (DuBrin, 2010: pp.185). Developing Formal Mechanisms for Dealing with Ethical Problems To handle ethical problem in an organization leaders usually adopt formal procedures for its ratification. DuBrin, 2010 had reported here that many large organizations frequently establish ethics committees to help ensure ethical and socially responsible behavior. The committee establishes policies about ethics and social responsibility and may conduct an ethical audit of the firms activities. In addition, committee members might review complaints about ethical problems (DuBrin, 2010: pp.186). Accepting Whistleblowers A whistleblower is an employee who discloses organizational wrongdoing to parties who can take action. So it is important for leaders at all levels to create a comfortable climate for legitimate whistleblowing. The leader needs to sort out the difference between a troublemaker and a true whistleblower. Being a whistleblower requires a small act of leadership, in the sense of taking the initiative to bring about change. However, the organization turned in might not think the change is constructive (DuBrin, 2010: pp.186). Providing Training in Ethics and Social Responsibility An ethically and socially responsible leader ensures training for employees in an organization. DuBrin, 2010 discussed that forms of ethics training include messages about ethics and social responsibility from company leadership, classes on ethics at colleges, and exercises in ethics. These training programs reinforce the idea that ethically and socially responsible behavior is both morally right and good for business. Placing Company interests over Personal Interests Ethically responsible leader ensured to organization that all the time company interests are dominated over personal interests. Many ethical violations, such as senior managers voting themselves outrageous compensation, stem from managers placing their personal interests over the welfare of the company and other employees (DuBrin, 2010: pp.187). It can be concluded from my above discussion that ethically and socially responsible leader is really a main pillar to develop an organization. He never prefers his personal interests over company worth. He develops a framework for an organization and ensured its smooth functioning for its ethical and social welfare. Q.No.3 Discuss and describe in detail the concepts and models from DuBrin that you think will have the greatest impact on your present (or future) leadership. Explain why you see these models as the most important ones. (NB that this does not require holding a management position. Leadership is exercised in all social settings.) Solution Within an organization leadershipÂÂ  models are structured approaches for decision making and to provide effective guidance. Different types ofÂÂ  leadership proponents over the years have developed programs at different models categorizing explaining certain models when and where are likely to function best for a given situation. From time to time the names of theseÂÂ  leadership stylesÂÂ  changes differently, they all revolve around the basic factors of ongoing process of encouraging the development of future leaders for the organization, decision making, and recognition of the skills of team players(wisegeek.com, 2011). A major point about leadership is that it is not found only among people in high-level positions. Leadership is needed at all levels in an organization can be practiced to some extent even by a person not assigned to a formal leadership position. The ability to lead others effectively is a rare quality (DuBrin, 2010, pp.3). Here I shall attemp t to highlight some models and concepts discuss by the Dubrin to be or will have greatest impact on my present or future leadership style. I feel these models or things that I need and found them lacking to my personality: Situational Leadership Model: It was developed by Blanchard K. H. and his colleagues, explains how to match leadership style to the capabilities of group members on a given task. For example, someone might need less guidance from a supervisor when you are skilled in a task than when you are performing a new task (DuBrin, 2010, pp.142). I thought this will help me in my future job as manager in any organization since; It emphasizes on identifying the immediate need in a given set of circumstances. It will help me to choose actions to produce most likely desired result. I shall choose to keep communication on a one-way basis. It will help me to provide instructions without seeking feedback from employees. (wisegeek.com, 2011). ÂÂ  Transformational Leadership Model: It focuses on what the leader accomplishes yet still pays attention to the leaders personal characteristics and his or her relationship with group members. The transformational leader helps bring about major positive changes by moving group, organization or society (DuBrin, 2010, pp.83). This leadership concept will help me in the following way. It emphasizes on the needs and potential of employees. It will help to promote within the group stimulation of both creativity and intellectual enhancement. In this approach all the group members encourage and share information and experiences among themselves. These leaders know that achieving the goals of the company is more likely when employees are challenged. They have opportunities to advance and receive what they need to be successful as individuals as well as part of a team (wisegeek.com, 2011). Transactional Leadership Model: It focuses on more routine transactions, rewarding group members for meeting standards (contingent reinforcement) (DuBrin, 2010, pp.83). It can be explained that transactional leadership is prone towards well-developed structures with well-defined rewards and punishment(hubpages.com, 2011). It will guide me to understand that organizational culture is one of strict controls within which promotions are handed out for superior performance. Punishment is given for lack of performance or rules violation. (hubpages.com, 2011). ÂÂ  Participative Leadership Model: It deals with group members to gather their suggestions, and then considers these suggestions seriously when making a decision. It best suited for improving the morale of well-motivated employees who perform non-repetitive tasks (DuBrin, 2010, pp.141). It will guide me that more participation will lead to greater ownership in the mission of the company (hubpages.com, 2011). Charismatic Leadership Model: The various definitions of charisma have a unifying theme. Charisma is a positive and compelling quality of a person that makes many others wants to be led by that person (DuBrin, 2010, pp.68). I may be use since it characterized by big personalities. To know those who love the limelight. Where the noted points of personalities and limelight are focal point of the organization. And when often leaves they a large void when they depart. WICS Leadership Model: It is a leadership model that gives the opportunity in understanding leadership as a set of decision processes which embodies Wisdom, intelligence and creativity, along with other higher cognitive processes (DuBrin, 2010:56-57). It will be important to me for its great combination of three cognitive factors that help the leaders to take a good decision. It provides the right information at right time with right collaboration. It is a good approach to handle any uncertain situation. It will help me to think towards right direction. It will assist me in generating new ideas. It is important to conclude that there is no one rightÂÂ  leadershipÂÂ  modelÂÂ  that covers all situations. Leaders often called upon to make use of a certainÂÂ  modelÂÂ   according to the available conditions to lead organization successfully.

Sunday, December 22, 2019

Marasco 10. . Depression. By. Mary Katherine Marasco. Ms.

Marasco 10 Depression By Mary Katherine Marasco Ms. Carr Anatomy and Physiology H 23 February 2016 Mary Katherine Marasco Ms. Carr Anatomy and Physiology H 23 February 2016 Depression Depression- the most diagnosed mental illness in the world- is also the most misunderstood. Depression?a sad or discontented mood?can leave a person feeling lethargic, unmotivated, or hopeless, and in some cases ? contemplate suicide. Unfortunately, depression usually begins as high levels of anxiety and with exposure to trauma in children. Higher levels of anxiety or exposure to stress-inducing and traumatic situations as a child could mean an increased risk of depression as an adult. Although a serious mental illness all over the world in†¦show more content†¦The cerebral cortex directs functions like speech, behavior, reactions, movement, thinking, and learning. In fact, some research suggests that bipolar disorder originates with problems with the thalamus, which links sensory input to good and bad feelings. The hippocampus also affects depression. It, like the amygdala, is part of the limbic system. It is vital in processing long-term memory. This section of t he brain registers recurring fear. In people with clinical depression, the hippocampus is much smaller. Research suggests, even, that ongoing exposure to stress impairs the growth of nerve cells in this part of the brain. One of the most important jobs of the brain is to process senses, through neurons. Neurotransmitters are specific substances that help relay information to the brain. Scientists have identified many neurotransmitters that affect depression. A lack or excess of the neurotransmitters acetylcholine, serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, glutamate, lithium carbonate and gamma-aminobutyric acid are thought to contribute to depression. Acetylcholine is involved in learning and enhances memory. Serotonin helps regulate sleep, appetite, and mood, and inhibits pain. Research shows the idea that many depressed people have reduced levels of serotonin. Low levels of a byproduct of serotonin have been linked to a high risk for suicide. Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter which constricts blood vessels and raises blood pressure. An excess in

Saturday, December 14, 2019

Hypertension Normal Blood Pressure Free Essays

Hypertension is a chronic or persistent medical condition also known as high blood pressure. This condition causes the arteries to consistently elevate blood pressure. When high blood pressure is normal, the blood flows through smoothly because the artery wall is smooth. We will write a custom essay sample on Hypertension: Normal Blood Pressure or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, when an individual is diagnosed with high blood pressure, the blood flows through the arteries with too much force. Eventually, high blood pressure can cause serious damage to the arteries if it goes untreated. Also, high blood pressure causes the heart to have to work much harder than normal to keep up the flow of blood through the arteries. Hypertension can lead to damaged organs and several illnesses such as kidney failure and strokes. About 33% of people aren’t aware that they have high blood pressure. This ignorance can go on for years. For this reason, it is important to do periodic blood pressure screenings even if there are no symptoms present. The normal blood pressure for an individual is 120/80 where 120 represents the systolic measure (peak pressure in the arteries) and 80 represents the diastolic measure (minimum pressure in the arteries). Blood pressure of between 120/80 and 130/89 is called pre-hypertension. Blood pressure of 140/90 or above is considered hypertension. There are two classifications for hypertension, which are essential or secondary. Essential is the term used for high blood pressure when its cause is unknown. Unknown causes for hypertension accounts for about 95% of cases. Alternatively, secondary hypertension is the term for high blood pressure with causes related to kidney disease, tumors or birth control pills. Although the exact causes of hypertension are unknown, there are several factors that are often associated with this condition such as: Smoking Obesity or being overweight Childhood obesity Diabetes Sedentary lifestyle Lack of physical High levels of salt intake Insufficient calcium, potassium or magnesium intake Vitamin D deficiency High levels of alcohol consumption Aging Stress, Medications such as birth control pills Genetics (a family history of hypertension) Clinic Kidney Disease Adrenal or thyroid problems or tumors. Symptoms associated with severe hypertension are severe headaches, fatigue or confusion, dizziness, nausea, problems with vision, chest pain, breathing problems, irregular heartbeat, and blood in the urine. You can find out whether or not you have hypertension by visiting a health professional who measures blood pressure. Remember, if your blood pressure is over 140/90 you will be diagnosed with hypertension. However, you can treat hypertension medically or by making lifestyle adjustments such as weight-loss, quit smoking, eating a healthy diet, reducing sodium intake, exercising regularly, and eliminating alcohol consumption. Medical options for treating hypertension include several classes of drugs that your health professional would prescribe based upon your specific condition and needs. How to cite Hypertension: Normal Blood Pressure, Papers

Friday, December 6, 2019

Financial Planning and Forecasting Trading Simulation

Question: Discuss about theFinancial Planning and Forecastingfor Trading Simulation. Answer: Introduction: The assessment mainly evaluates a trading simulation, which helps in understanding the concepts of risk and return. The experience of the simulation trading mainly allows the investors to understand the implication of a successful trading strategy, which might help in generating higher revenue. The psychological battle in choosing the right instrument for the portfolio is mainly discussed in the study. The use technical or fundamental analysis for the short duration trade could be evaluated in the study to understand the current momentum of share prices. Lastly, the discussion is conducted to understand the overall results of simulated trading, which help in depicting the overall decisions taken during the trading period. Discussing the Experience, which Might be Generated from Simulation Trading: The trading simulation was mainly conducted to reduce the emotional challenge, which is faced by investors during the trading period. However, the simulation was mainly conducted to help investor understated the development in the short-term price movement of shares. Biondo et al. (2013) mentioned that market hypothesise during the short-term trading scenario is relatively high as the investors tries to discount the share price and identify the exact value of the trade. In this contest, Cartea and Jaimungal (2015) further stated that with the help of technical analysis investors are able to detect the short-term momentum of the shares and increase the return from investment. The trading simulation has mainly helped in increasing the experience of the investors regarding the change in price movement duo to the impact of news. The simulation also helps in understanding the significance of price movement over three weeks, which could be used as an effective entry point. However, the simulated trading also helped in understanding the significance of not gaoling against the trend. Hoffman (2014) stated that short-term investors mainly rely on share price trend, which could be identified from charts and minimising the risk from investment. On the contrary, Chou, Wang and Wang (2015) criticises that investors with low capital capacity are not able to comprehend the change in market scenario and book loses from the trade. The trades conducted in the simulation are mainly focused on short-term news, which might not help in getting high-end profits from trade. Furthermore, expectation of rise and dines in share price is mainly depicted from the news, which is rela ted to the overall stocks. However, the simulation trading system does not comprehend the volatility and risk, which is generated from capital market. The investment and selection of stocks is mainly conducted based on the single price movement, which reduced the profits that might be generated from investment. Reviewing the Trading Psychology of the overall Simulation Trading: The main trading psychology of investors is to achieve high return from their investment. In addition, the simulation mainly states the trade strategy, which is been used in the program for generating high returns. The news is used to identifying stocks, whose prices might increase in new future. Moreover, a technical strategy is also adopted where the large movement of stock prices is identified as an entry point. The DBS group was mainly selected as there was a huge decline in prices was identified in the previous week. Kandel, Rindi and Bosetti (2012) argued that selecting stocks based only on price movement might increase risk of investors and reduce the retune, which might be generated from investment. Stating the Information that Effected the Trading Decision: The trade conducted in the simulation is mainly related to news and price movement that is been used by the investor during the simulation period. The relative impact in the trading decision are effectively stated as bellow News Information: Shares of Sembcorp Marin, UOB, OCBC and SIA is mainly purchased on the relative news, which is been depicted by the company. In addition, the news mainly helped the investors to buy the shares of above depicted company. However, the news also instigated on selling the shares of companies, which was bought due to the buy signal provided by fundamental analysis. Narayan et al. (2015) mentioned that speculators in the stock market mainly rely on information provided by companies to take short-term investment decision. Price Movement: Stocks that were purchased based on price movement are Singtel, Thaibev, DBS Shares, Venture Corporation, Singapore Post Limited, and SATS shares. In addition, the price movement mainly helped in understanding the entry point, which might improve the return from investment. However, the entries conducted from price evaluation were dropped due to the negative news encircling the companys operations Neely and Weller (2013). After the evaluation of the trading simulation, it could be derived that no significant technical or fundamental analysis was conducted. Evaluating the Simulated Trading with the Risk Profile: Figure 1: Depicting the change in trading price (Source: as created by the author) Figure 1 specifies the risk profile of the investor, which does not allow the share price to reduce more than 2% of the investment price. The risk profile of an investor mainly reflects the trading strategy, which helps in reducing losses conducted from trading operations. However, the risk profile used in the trading simulation mainly allowed the investor to reduce the losses, which might have incurred from trading (Nuij et al. 2014). The losses incurred during the simulation secession are not more than 1.75%, which effectively support the overall risk profile of the investor. Evaluating the Preference for the Simulation Trading: Technical analysis is mainly used as the preference trading strategy in the trading simulation. In addition, with the help of technical analysis stocks that have attained higher high and significant lows in previous week is mainly identified. Moreover, the identification of the stock mainly helped in depicting the adequate entry point, which might help in generating higher return from investment. Simon and Campasano (2014) mentioned that using technical analysis mainly allows investors to reduce the short-term risk, which is depicted from the volatility of the capital market. It is mainly observed that decline in share price allows investors with a buying opportunity for short-term, which could be used as an effective entry point. The trading simulation also accommodates any news, which is been circulating the invested companies operations. The circulation of news mainly helped in depicting the volatility in price movement, which might be hindering the overall profitability from trad ing. Discussing the Reason for the Choice of Instruments for the Portfolio: The trading instruments that is been used in the simulation has been identified from relative news and price movement of stocks. In addition, the decision for selling the stocks is mainly identified from news, as some events caused the investors to panic and exit their position. However, the exit entry has been very successful in reducing the loses and achieve high profitability from investment. In addition, during the end the stocks that were bought in trading simulation have some kind of positive news associated with their movement. Lambert, Papageorgiou and Platania (2016) mentioned that investors mainly rely on positive news for their short-term purchases. On the contrary, Chou, Wang and Wang (2015) argued that without adequate risk determination the overall investment loss might increase, which in turn could hamper investment capital. Discussing the Overall Results of the Trade: Figure 2: Depicting the change in bank balance (Source: as created by the author) With the help of figure 2, the overall change in bank balance could be evaluated. However, the losses and profits is effectively added in the bank balance to depict the accurate change in profit incurred during the trading secession. From 26th September till 10th October relative change investment has not been conducted as opportunity was not discounted. However, after 12th October relative decrease in capital and increase in investment is conducted, which helped in increasing the overall profits. Moreover, a loss of only $700 and $150 is incurred in the trading simulation. Cartea and Jaimungal (2015) mentioned that investors with the help of CAPM level are able to detect the overall risk, which might influence the return generation capacity of the investment. However, Kandel, Rindi and Bosetti (2012) argued that investors are more dependent on stock, which provide high dividend and does not accommodate the risk involved in investment. Furthermore, an income of $14,666 is mainly gene rated from the trading simulation, which depicts the effective trading conducted by the investor. In addition, the overall portfolio return is at 4.9%, which is generated from 46 days of trading secession including holidays. This return mainly indicates the viability of the trading strategy adopted in the trading secession, Conclusion: The overall study mainly helps in understanding the significance of trading strategies and relative impact of news on share price movement of companies. The overall significance of relative trading system mainly helps in reducing the relative risk from investment. In addition, fundamental and technical analysis is mainly used in the simulation for deriving the profitability from investments. Furthermore, the depiction of accurate trading psychology and strategy is relatively conducted to understand the trading emotions of traders. Moreover, relative change in profits and bank balance, which is depicted from the trading simulation is effectively stated in study. Relative profits have been generated from stocks, whose positive news is been announced during the trading simulation. Reference: Biondo, A.E., Pluchino, A., Rapisarda, A. and Helbing, D., 2013. Are random trading strategies more successful than technical ones?.PloS one,8(7), p.e68344. Cartea, . and Jaimungal, S., 2015. Risk Metrics And Fine Tuning Of High?Frequency Trading Strategies.Mathematical Finance,25(3), pp.576-611. Chou, R.K., Wang, G.H. and Wang, Y.Y., 2015. The impacts of individual day trading strategies on market liquidity and volatility: Evidence from the Taiwan Index Futures Market.Journal of Futures Markets,35(5), pp.399-425. Hoffman, R., 2014. Dont Miss Robs Day Trading Futures Trading Event. Kandel, E., Rindi, B. and Bosetti, L., 2012. The effect of a closing call auction on market quality and trading strategies.Journal of Financial Intermediation,21(1), pp.23-49. Lambert, M., Papageorgiou, N.A. and Platania, F., 2016. Market Efficiency and Hedge Fund Trading Strategies. Narayan, P.K., Ahmed, H.A. and Narayan, S., 2015. Do Momentum?Based Trading Strategies Work in the Commodity Futures Markets?.Journal of Futures Markets,35(9), pp.868-891. Neely, C.J. and Weller, P.A., 2013. Lessons from the evolution of foreign exchange trading strategies.Journal of Banking Finance,37(10), pp.3783-3798. Nuij, W., Milea, V., Hogenboom, F., Frasincar, F. and Kaymak, U., 2014. An automated framework for incorporating news into stock trading strategies.IEEE transactions on knowledge and data engineering,26(4), pp.823-835. Simon, D.P. and Campasano, J., 2014. The vix futures basis: Evidence and trading strategies.The Journal of Derivatives,21(3), pp.54-69.